1. The Swiss scholar, Ferdinand de Saussure, is the founder of Modern Linguistics.

2. The sentence “The woman can’t bear children” is structurally ambiguous.

3. The word “went” contains two morphemes.

4. Language can be used to refer to things real or false, past, present or future.

5. Relevance is a relative notion. It is determined by two factors: contextual effect and processing effort.

6. General linguistics is based on the view that language as a system, which is composed of three aspects: sound, structure and meaning.

7. Cultural transmission is one of the features of human language.

8. Linguists attempt to discover the universals of human language.

9. Intonation is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.

10. Morphology is the study of the internal structure and the formation of words.

11. Language contains two levels of structures, one of sounds and the other of meaning.

12. The sound source is the pharynx.

13. Semantics is concerned with the conventional meaning.

14. Componential analysis is a way to analyze sentence meaning.

15. The three criteria to determine a word’s category are meaning, form and distribution.

1. In modern linguistics     language is regarded as premier.

A. written   B. spoken   C. standard   D. formal

2. Every syllable has a (n)     , which is usually a vowel.

A. nucleus   B. onset   C. coda   D. rhyme

3.     is defined as the study of meaning.

A. Linguistics   B. Semantics   C. Morphology   D. Pragmatics

4. The fundamental difference between a religious belief and a scientific theory is whether it is    .

A. disciple   B. observable   C. verifiable   D. functional

5. A voiceless stop becomes     when it occurs after the initial /s/ and before a stressed vowel.

A. voiced   B. nasalized   C. aspirated   D. unaspirated

6. When the tongue touches the tooth ridge, the sound produced is described as    .

A. alveolar   B. palatal   C. velar   D. dental

7. The close front tense unrounded vowel is    .

A. [æ]   B. [i:]   C. [ɔ:]   D. [u:]

8. The longest     in English may contain four consonants, as shown by prompts.

A. nucleus   B. onset   C. coda   D. rhyme

9. The articulator     is not contained in the oral cavity.

A. alveolus   B. palate   C. uvula   D. glottis

10. Minimal pairs can be exemplified by    .

A. moon/noon   B. foot/food   C. she/sheet   D. sea/see

11.     is a typical tone language.

A. English   B. Chinese   C. Japanese   D. Korean

12. The following conversation flouts the maxim of     of the Cooperative Principle:

A: Do you know the great writers in the 19^th century?

B: Oh, yes, they are all dead.

A. relation   B. manner   C. quantity   D. quality

13. The study of language in general is often termed    .

A. modern linguistics    B. traditional linguistics  

C. pragmatics          D. general linguistics

14. The smallest meaningful unit of language is called a    .

A. suffix   B. morpheme   C. prefix   D. morph

15. The word “multinationality” has     morphemes.

A. 2   B. 3   C. 4   D. 5

1. A p    speech act refers to the effect of an utterance.

2. The distinction of broad and narrow transcriptions lies in the use of d   .

3. The environment of linguistic communication is referred to as c   .

4. The major categories of noun are number, case and g   .

5. M    are also called pure vowels or cardinal vowels.

6. Lange and p    is a distinction made by Saussure.

7. The lexical sense relation between elephant and animal is h   .

8. A    are words derived from the initials of several words.

9. S    is the study of sentence structure and combining rules of sentences.

10. The study of language and society is s   .

1. The professor’s appointment was shocking.

2. Those who went there quickly made a fortune.

3. Can you see the man with a pair of binoculars?

1. Language

2. Assimilation

3. Componential analysis

4. Homonymy

1. How do different intonations convey meanings in English?

2. What is sense and what is reference? How are they related?