Chapter 1 Introduction
1. What is language?
2. What are design features of language?
3. What is arbitrariness?
4. What is displacement?
5. What is duality?
6. What is creativity?
7. What is cultural transmission?
8. What are three general functions of language proposed by Halliday?
9. What is linguistics?
10. What are main branches of linguistics?
11. What is macro-linguistics?
12. What is the distinction of prescriptive and descriptive?
13. What is the distinction of competence and performance?
14. What is the distinction of synchronic and diachronic?
15. What is the distinction of speech and writing?
16. What is traditional grammar?
Chapter 2 Speech Sounds
17. What are speech sounds?
18. What is phonetics?
19. What are three branches of phonetics?
20. What are the three cavities in speech production?
21. What is IPA short for?
22. What is the main principle of IPA?
23. What are broad and narrow transcriptions?
24. Where does the distinction lie between the production of vowels and consonants?
25. Describe the consonant [ ].
26. Describe the vowel [ ].
27. What is phonology?
28. What is a phoneme?
29. What is allophony?
30. What is a minimal pair?
31. What is assimilation?
32. What are major suprasegmental features?
33. What are the four Chinese tones?
34. How do intonations convey meanings?
Chapter 3 Lexicon
35. What is a word?
36. How are words classified?
37. What is morphology?
38. What is a morpheme?
39. What are types of morphemes?
40. What are the two major ways of word formation?
41. New words are added to English vocabulary in many ways. What are they?
42. How does language change in terms of meaning?
Chapter 4 Syntax
43. What is syntax?
44. What are the four representative approaches to Syntax?
45. What are the categories of noun?
46. What are the categories of verb?
47. What is a sentence?
48. What are grammatical units at different levels?
49. What are the grammatical elements of a sentence?
50. What are the seven basic sentence patterns in English?
Chapter 5 Semantics
51. What is semantics?
52. What is the nominalist view of meaning?
53. What is the conceptualist view of meaning?
54. What is the contextualist view of meaning?
55. What is the behaviorist view of meaning?
56. What are the two traditional types of meaning?
57. What are the 7 kinds of meaning by Leech (1981)?
58. How are sense and reference related to each other?
59. What are major sense relations between words?
60. What are kinds of synonyms?
61. What are kinds of antonyms?
62. What is polysemy?
63. What is homonymy?
64. What is hyponymy?
65. What is the componential analysis?
66. What are the deciding factors of sentence meaning?
Chapter 6 Pragmatics
67. What is pragmatics?
68. What is context?
69. What are components of context?
70. What is an utterance?
71. How is utterance meaning different from sentence meaning?
72. What are the three kinds of speech acts by
73. What is a locutionary act?
74. What is an illocutionary act?
75. What is a perlocutionary act?
76. What is the general Cooperative Principle?
77. What are the four maxims of the CP?
78. What is conversational implicature?
79. What are characteristics of CI?
80. What is the Politeness Principle?
81. What is Cognitive Principle of Relevance?
82. What is Communicative Principle of Relevance?
Chapter 7 Language, Society and Culture
83. What is socio-linguistics?
84. How is language related to society?
85. Provide some linguistic evidence of social differences in language use.
86. What are the two versions of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?
87. How is language related to culture?
88. Provide some linguistic evidence of cultural differences in language use.
